If you were NOT given a unique personal identifier please leave this section BLANK; and move to the next question.
What facility are you a member of?
In which Program or School at the University of Connecticut are you affiliated or enrolled?
School of Dental Medicine
School of Medicine
School of Nursing
School of Pharmacy
Physical Therapy Program
Psychology Program
Other Program or School at University of Connecticut
What is your current role?
* must provide value
Child life specialist
Dentist
Nurse (Including Advanced Practice Registered Nurse)
Occupational therapist
Pharmacist
Physical therapist
Physician
Physician Assistant
Psychologist
Social Worker
Student
Other
What is your primary role as a NURSE?
* must provide value
Licensed Professional (or Vocational) Nurse (LPN or LVN)
Registered Nurse (RN) providing Direct Patient Care
Nurse Educator (including Faculty or Facility-based RN providing <50% direct patient care)
Nurse Manager (includes directors, CNO, CNE, and other RNs providing <50% direct patient care)
Nurse Scientist (RN who conducts research as a primary investigator providing <50% direct patient care)
APRN-Non-Prescriber (Advanced Practice Registered Nurse in nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse anesthetist role)
APRN-Prescriber (Advanced Practice Registered Nurse in nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, or nurse anesthetist role who prescribes medications)
What is your level of experience as a PHYSICIAN?
Attending Physician
Physician in Specialty Fellowship
Resident Physician (House Staff)
Other
What is your current year of residency?
1rst year
2nd year
3rd year
4th year
5th year
other
What discipline best describes your studies as a healthcare professional STUDENT?
* must provide value
Basic Science Student
Student pursuing role as Child Life Specialist
Dental Student
Medical Student
Nursing Student
Occupational Therapy Student
Pharmacy Student
Physical Therapy Student
Psychology Student
Social Work Student
Other
If you are a student, which best describes your current level of study?
freshman- 1rst year
sophomore- 2ndyear
junior- 3rd year
senior- 4th year
5th year
6th year
graduate student
other
post-doctoral student
Male
Female
What is your age? (numeric value)
What is your ethnicity origin (or Race): Please specify your ethnicity.
What is the highest degree you have achieved?
Some college
Associated degree
Bachelors degree
Masters degree
Practice Doctorate (DNP, MD, DO, PharmD, etc)
PhD
If basic healthcare education was obtained outside of USA, where educated?
What are your total number of years of clinical experience?
During classroom and/or clinical orientation to my current employer, I:
Received no instruction/information about pain management.
Received instruction/information about pain management that was adequate to my needs.
Received instruction/information but would have liked more.
Received instruction/information on pain management that was more than I needed
Since working with my current employer, I have: (mark all that apply)
If chose other please specify:
What unit or specialty characterizes your work? (mark all that apply)
Do you have direct patient care responsibilities (therefore intervening in pain management)?
yes
no
Do you care for pediatric patients with CANCER?
* must provide value
yes
no
Observable changes in vital signs can be relied upon to verify a child's/adolescent's self-report of severe pain.
True
False
Because their nervous system is underdeveloped, children under 2 years of age have decreased pain sensitivity and limited memory of painful experiences.
True
False
Pediatric patients (infants, children, adolescents) who can be distracted from pain do not have severe pain.
True
False
The usual duration of analgesia of Morphine IV is 4-5 hours.
True
False
Comparable stimuli in different people produce the same intensity of pain.
True
False
Children who will require repeated painful procedures (i.e. blood draws), should receive maximum treatment for the pain and anxiety of the first procedure to minimize the development of anticipatory anxiety before subsequent procedures.
True
False
Respiratory depression rarely occurs in children/ adolescents who have been receiving stable doses of opioids over a period of months.
True
False
Infants/children/adolescents may sleep in spite of severe pain.
True
False
Ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are NOT effective analgesics for pain from bone metastases.
True
False
Ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are NOT effective analgesics for bone pain
True
False
Non-drug interventions (e.g. guided imagery, biofeedback, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) etc.) are effective for treatment of mild-moderate pain but are rarely helpful for more severe pain.
True
False
Combining analgesics and non-drug therapies that work by different mechanisms (e.g. using acetaminophen, topical anesthetics, sucrose, and non-nutritive sucking) may result in better pain control with fewer side effects than using a single analgesic agent
True
False
Benzodiazepines do not reliably potentiate the analgesia of opioids unless the pain is related to muscle spasms.
True
False
Parents should not be present during painful procedures.
True
False
Adolescents with a history of substance abuse should not be given opioids for pain because they are at high risk for repeated addiction.
True
False
Beyond a certain dosage of morphine increases in dosage will NOT provide increased pain relief.
True
False
Young infants, less than 6 months of age, cannot tolerate opioids for pain relief.
True
False
Spiritual beliefs may lead a child/ adolescent to think that pain and suffering are necessary.
True
False
The child/ adolescent with pain should be encouraged to endure as much pain as possible before resorting to an opioid for pain relief.
True
False
Children less than 8 years cannot reliably report pain intensity and therefore, the healthcare provider should rely on the parents' assessment of the child's pain intensity.
True
False
Anxiolytics, sedatives, and barbituates are appropriate medications for the relief of pain during painful procedures.
True
False
After the initial dose of opioid analgesic is given, subsequent doses should be adjusted based on the individual patient's response.
True
False
The child/ adolescent should be advised to use non-drug techniques alone rather than concurrently with pain medications.
True
False
Giving children/ adolescents sterile water by injection (placebo) is often a useful test to determine if the pain is real.
True
False
Sedation always precedes opioid related respiratory depression
True
False
Opioid/narcotic addiction is defined as a chronic neurobiological disease, characterized by impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued used despite harm, and craving. It may occur with or without the physiological changes of tolerance to analgesia and physical dependence (withdrawal).
True
False
The recommended route of administration of opioid analgesics to children with prolonged cancer-related pain is
intravenous
intramuscular
subcutaneous
oral
rectal
I don't know
The recommended route of administration of opioid analgesics to children with persistent background or continuous pain is
intravenous
intramuscular
subcutaneous
oral
rectal
I don't know
The usual time to peak effect for traditional analgesics (acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and opioids) given orally is
15 minutes
30 minutes
60 minutes
4 hours
The recommended route of administration of opioid analgesics to children with brief, severe pain of sudden onset, e.g. trauma or postoperative pain, is
intravenous
intramuscular
subcutaneous
oral
rectal
I don't know
Which of the following analgesic medications, is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of
acetaminophen
codeine
morphine
meperidine (Demerol)
I don't know
Which of the following analgesic medications, is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of
acetaminophen
codeine
morphine
meperidine (Demerol)
I don't know
Which of the following IV morphine doses is approximately equivalent to 15 mg of oral morphine.
Morphine 3 mg IV
Morphine 5 mg IV
Morphine 10 mg IV
Morphine 15 mg IV
Analgesics for post-operative pain should initially be given
around the clock on a fixed schedule
only when the child/ adolescent asks for the medication
only when the nurse determines that the child/ adolescent has moderate or greater discomfort
Analgesics for background (continuous, persistent) pain should be given
around the clock on a fixed schedule
only when the child/ adolescent asks for the medication
only when the nurse determines that the child/ adolescent has moderate or greater discomfort
Analgesia for chronic cancer pain should be given
around the clock on a fixed schedule
only when the child asks for the medication
only when the nurse determines that the child has moderate or greater discomfort
The most likely reason a child/ adolescent with pain would request increased doses of pain medication is
The child/ adolescent is experiencing increased pain.
The child/ adolescent is experiencing increased anxiety or depression.
The child/ adolescent is requesting more staff attention.
The child's/ adolescent's requests are related to addiction.
Which of the following drugs are potentially useful for the treatment of children's pain?
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
opioid analgesics
anti-depressants
anti-convulsants
All of the above
Which of the following drugs are potentially useful for the treatment of children's cancer pain?
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
opioid analgesics
anti-depressants
anti-convulsants
All of the above
The most accurate judge of the intensity of the child's/adolescent's pain is the
treating physician
child's/ adolescent's primary nurse
child/ adolescent
pharmacist
child's/ adolescent's parent
Which of the following describes the best approach for cultural considerations in caring for child/adolescent in pain:
There are no longer cultural influences on the pain experience in the United States due to the diversity of the population.
Healthcare providers should use knowledge that has defined clearly the influence of pain on culture (e.g. Asians are generally stoic, Hispanics are expressive and exaggerate their pain, etc.)
Children/ adolescents should be individually assessed to determine cultural influences on pain.
What do you think is the percentage of patients who over report the amount of pain they have?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100%
Case Studies
0 No pain/discomfort
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Worst pain/discomfort
Patient A continued:
Administer no morphine at this time.
Administer morphine 1 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 2 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 3 mg IV now.
Patient A continued:
Administer no morphine at this time.
Administer morphine 1 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 2 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 3 mg IV now.
Patient A continued:
Administer no morphine at this time.
Administer morphine 1 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 2 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 3 mg IV now.
Patient B: Robert is 15 years old and this is his first day following abdominal surgery. As you enter his room, he is lying quietly in bed and grimaces as he
0 No pain/discomfort
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Worst pain/discomfort
Patient B continued:
Administer no morphine at this time.
Administer morphine 1 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 2 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 3 mg IV now.
Patient B continued:
Administer no morphine at this time.
Administer morphine 1 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 2 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 3 mg IV now.
Patient B continued:
Administer no morphine at this time.
Administer morphine 1 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 2 mg IV now.
Administer morphine 3 mg IV now.
